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Features
* Protocol
- UART Used as a Physical Layer - Based on the Intel Hex-type Records - Autobaud * In-System Programming - Read/Write Flash and EEPROM Memories - Read Device ID - Full-chip Erase - Read/Write Configuration Bytes - Security Setting From ISP Command - Remote Application Start Command * In-Application Programming/Self-Programming - Read/Write Flash and EEPROM Memories - Read Device ID - Block Erase - Read/Write Configuration Bytes - Bootloader Start
80C51 Microcontrollers
Description
This document describes the UART bootloader functionalities as well as the serial protocol to efficiently perform operations on the on chip Flash (EEPROM) memories. Additional information on the A/T89C51AC2 product can be found in the A/T89C51AC2 datasheet and the A/T89C51AC2 errata sheet available on the Atmel web site, www.atmel.com. The bootloader software package (source code and binary) currently used for production is also available from the Atmel web site.
AT89C51AC2 T89C51AC2 UART Bootloader
Bootloader Revision Revision 1.2.0 Revisions 1.4.0 and higher
Purpose of Modifications First release New command supported - EEPROM access - Start application - Extra Byte access - 128 bytes page Flash programming - New boot process
Date 23/04/2001 02/11/2001
Rev. 4231C-CAN-03/05
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Functional Description
In-System Programming Capability
The A/T89C51AC2 Bootloader facilitates In-System Programming and In-Application Programming. In-System Programming (ISP) allows the user to program or reprogram a microcontroller's on-chip Flash memory without removing it from the system and without the need of a pre-programmed application. The UART bootloader can manage a communication with a host through the serial network. It can also access and perform requested operations on the on-chip Flash memory.
In-Application Programming or Selfprogramming Capability
In-Application Programming (IAP) allows the reprogramming of the microcontroller onchip Flash memory without removing it from the system and while the embedded application is running. The UART bootloader contains some Application Programming Interface routines named API routines allowing IAP by using the user's firmware.
Block Diagram
This section describes the different parts of the bootloader. The figure below shows the on-chip bootloader and IAP processes. Figure 1. Bootloader Process Description
On-chip User Application
External Host Via the UART Protocol Communication
ISP Communication Management
IAP User Call Management
Flash Memory Management
Flash Memory
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ISP Communication Management The purpose of this process is to manage the communication and its protocol between the on-chip bootloader and an external device (host). The on-chip bootloader implements a Serial protocol (see Section "Protocol", page 9). This process translates serial communication frames (UART) into Flash memory accesses (read, write, erase...). Several Application Program Interface (API) calls are available to the application program to selectively erase and program Flash pages. All calls are made through a common interface (API calls) included in the bootloader. The purpose of this process is to translate the application request into internal Flash memory operations. This process manages low level access to the Flash memory (performs read and write accesses).
User Call Management
Flash Memory Management
Bootloader Configuration
Configuration and Manufacturer Information The following table lists Configuration and Manufacturer byte information used by the bootloader. This information can be accessed through a set of API or ISP commands.
Mnemonic BSB SBV SSB EB Manufacturer ID1: Family Code ID2: Product Name ID3: Product Revision Description Boot Status Byte Software Boot Vector Software Security Byte Extra Byte Default Value FFh FCh FFh FFh 58h D7h BBh FFh
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Mapping and Default Value of Hardware Security Byte
The 4 Most Significant Byte (MSB) of the Hardware Byte can be read/written by software (this area is called Fuse bits). The 4 Least Significant Byte (LSB) can only be read by software and written by hardware in parallel mode (with parallel programmer devices).
Bit Position 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 Mnemonic X2B BLJB Reserved Reserved Reserved LB2 LB1 LB0 Default Value Description U P U U U P U U To lock the chip (see datasheet) To start in x1 mode To map the boot area in code area between F800h-FFFFh
Note:
U: Unprogram = 1 P: Program = 0
Security
The bootloader has Software Security Byte (SSB) to protect itself from user access or ISP access. The Software Security Byte (SSB) protects from ISP accesses. The command 'Program Software Security Bit' can only write a higher priority level. There are three levels of security: * level 0: NO_SECURITY (FFh) This is the default level. From level 0, one can write level 1 or level 2. level 1: WRITE_SECURITY (FEh) In this level it is impossible to write in the Flash memory, BSB and SBV. The Bootloader returns an error message. From level 1, one can write only level 2. level 2: RD_WR_SECURITY (FCh) Level 2 forbids all read and write accesses to/from the Flash memory. The Bootloader returns an error message.
*
*
Only a full chip erase command can reset the software security bits.
Level 0 Flash/EEPROM Fuse bit BSB & SBV & EB SSB Manufacturer info Bootloader info Erase block Full chip erase Blank Check Any access allowed Any access allowed Any access allowed Any access allowed Read only access allowed Read only access allowed Allowed Allowed Allowed Level 1 Read only access allowed Read only access allowed Read only access allowed Write level2 allowed Read only access allowed Read only access allowed Not allowed Allowed Allowed Level 2 All access not allowed All access not allowed All access not allowed Read only access allowed Read only access allowed Read only access allowed Not allowed Allowed Allowed
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Software Boot Vector
The Software Boot Vector (SBV) forces the execution of a user bootloader starting at address [SBV]00h in the application area (FM0). The way to start this user bootloader is described in the section "Boot Process". Figure 2. Software Boot Vector
UART Bootloader User Bootloader Application [SBV]00h
FM1
FM0
FLIP Software Program
FLIP is a PC software program running under Windows(R) 9x//2000/XP, Windows NT(R) and LINUX(R) that supports all Atmel Flash microcontroller. This fsoftware program is available free of charge from the Atmel web site.
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In-System Programming
The ISP allows the user to program or reprogram a microcontroller's on-chip Flash memory through the serial line without removing it from the system and without the need of a pre-programmed application. This section describes how to start the UART bootloader and the higher level protocols over the serial line.
Boot Process
The bootloader can be activated in two ways: * * Hardware condition Regular boot process
Hardware Condition
The Hardware Conditions (EA = 1, PSEN = 0) during the RESET falling edge force the on-chip bootloader execution. In this way the bootloader can be carried out whatever the user Flash memory content. As PSEN is an output port in normal operating mode (running user application or bootloader code) after reset, it is recommended to release PSEN after falling edge of reset signal. The hardware conditions are sampled at reset signal falling edge, thus they can be released at any time when reset input is low.
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Figure 3. Regular Boot Process
RESET Bit ENBOOT in AUXR1 Register is Initialized with BLJB Inverted ENBOOT = 1 PC = F800h FCON = 00h
Hardware Boot Process
Hardware Condition No ENBOOT = 0 PC = 0000h
Yes
Yes
BLJB = 1 ENBOOT = 1 PC = F800h FCON = 0Fh
No
FCON = 00h
Yes
Software Boot Process
No
SBV < F8h
No
Yes
Start Application
Start User Bootloader
Start Bootloader
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Physical Layer
The UART used to transmit information has the following configuration: * * * * * Character: 8-bit data Parity: none Stop: 2 bit Flow control: none Baud rate: autobaud is performed by the bootloader to compute the baud rate chosen by the host.
Frame Description
The Serial Protocol is based on the Intel Hex-type records. Intel Hex records consist of ASCII characters used to represent hexadecimal values and are summarized below. Table 1. Intel Hex Type Frame
Record Mark `:' 1 byte Record length 1 byte Load Offset 2 bytes Record Type 1 bytes Data or Info n byte Checksum 1 byte
* *
Record Mark: - - Record Mark is the start of frame. This field must contain ':'. Record length specifies the number of Bytes of information or data which follows the Record Type field of the record. Load Offset specifies the 16-bit starting load offset of the data Bytes, therefore this field is used only for Data Program Record. Record Type specifies the command type. This field is used to interpret the remaining information within the frame. Data/Info is a variable length field. It consists of zero or more Bytes encoded as pairs of hexadecimal digits. The meaning of data depends on the Record Type. The two's complement of the 8-bit Bytes that result from converting each pair of ASCII hexadecimal digits to one Byte of binary, and including the Record Length field to and including the last Byte of the Data/Info field. Therefore, the sum of all the ASCII pairs in a record after converting to binary, from the Record Length field to and including the Checksum field, is zero. Record length:
*
Load Offset: -
*
Record Type: -
*
Data/Info: -
*
Checksum: -
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Protocol
Overview An initialization step must be performed after each Reset. After microcontroller reset, t h e bo o t l o a d e r w a i t s f o r a n a u t o b a ud s e q ue n c e ( s e e S e c t i o n " A u to b a u d Performances"). When the communication is initialized the protocol depends on the record type issued by the host. Communication Initialization The host initiates the communication by sending a 'U' character to help the bootloader to compute the baudrate (autobaud). Figure 4. Initialization Host Init Communication 'U' Bootloader
Performs Autobaud Sends Back `U' Character
If (not received 'U') Else Communication Opened
'U'
Autobaud Performances
The bootloader supports a wide range of baud rates. It is also adaptable to a wide range of oscillator frequencies. This is accomplished by measuring the bit-time of a single bit in a received character. This information is then used to program the baud rate in terms of timer counts based on the oscillator frequency. Table 2 shows the autobaud capabilities. Table 2. Autobaud Performances
Frequency (MHz) Baudrate (kHz) 2400 4800 9600 19200 38400 57600 115200 Frequency (MHz) Baudrate (kHz) 2400 4800 9600 19200 8 OK OK OK OK 10 OK OK OK OK 11.059 2 OK OK OK OK 12 OK OK OK OK 14.746 OK OK OK OK 16 OK OK OK OK 20 OK OK OK OK 24 OK OK OK OK 26.6 OK OK OK OK 1.8432 OK OK OK OK 2 OK 2.4576 OK OK OK OK OK 3 OK OK OK OK 3.6864 OK OK OK OK OK OK 4 OK OK OK 5 OK OK OK OK 6 OK OK OK OK OK 7.3728 OK OK OK OK OK OK OK
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Frequency (MHz) Baudrate (kHz) 38400 57600 115200 8 10 11.059 2 OK OK OK 12 OK 14.746 OK OK OK 16 OK OK 20 OK OK 24 OK OK 26.6 OK OK -
Command Data Stream Protocol Figure 5. Command Flow Host
All commands are sent using the same flow. Each frame sent by the host is echoed by the bootloader.
Bootloader ':' ':' If (not received ':') Else Sends echo and start reception
Sends first character of the Frame
Sends frame (made of 2 ASCII characters per Byte) Echo analysis
Gets frame, and sends back echo for each received Byte
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Programming the Flash or EEPROM Data The flow described below shows how to program data in the Flash memory or in the EEPROM data memory. The bootloader programs on a page of 128 bytes basis when it is possible. The host must take care that: * Requests from Host
Command Name Program Flash Program EEPROM Data Record Type 00h 07h Load Offset start address start address Record Length nb of Data nb of Data Data[0] x x ... ... ... Data[127] x x
The data to program transmitted within a frame are in the same page.
Answers from Bootloader
The bootloader answers with: * * * `.' & `CR' & 'LF' when the data are programmed `X' & `CR' & `LF' if the checksum is wrong `P' & `CR' & `LF' if the Security is set
Flow Description Host
Send Write Command
Bootloader Write Command
Wait Write Command
OR Wait Checksum Error COMMAND ABORTED
Checksum error
'X' & CR & LF
Send Checksum error
NO_SECURITY
OR Wait Security Error COMMAND ABORTED
'P' & CR & LF
Send Security error
Wait Programming
Wait COMMAND_OK COMMAND FINISHED
'.' & CR & LF
Send COMMAND_OK
Example Programming Data (write 55h at address 0010h in the Flash)
HOST BOOTLOADER : 01 0010 00 55 9A : 01 0010 00 55 9A . CR LF
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Read the Flash or EEPROM Data
The flow described below allows the user to read data in the Flash memory or in the EEPROM data memory. A blank check command is possible with this flow. The device splits into blocks of 16 bytes the data to transfer to the Host if the number of data to display is greater than 16 data bytes.
Requests from Host
Command Name Read Flash Blank check on Flash Read EEPROM Data 04h x 05h start address end Address Record Type Record Load Offset Length Data[0] Data[1] Data[2] Data[3] Data[4] 00h 01h 02h
Note:
The field "Load offset" is not used.
Answers from Bootloader
The bootloader answers to a read Flash or EEPROM Data memory command: * * * * * * * `Address = data ` & `CR' & 'LF' up to 16 data by line. `X' & `CR' & `LF' if the checksum is wrong `L' & `CR' & `LF' if the Security is set `.' & `CR' & 'LF' when the blank check is ok `First Address wrong' `CR' & `LF' when the blank check is fail `X' & `CR' & `LF' if the checksum is wrong `P' & `CR' & `LF' if the Security is set
The bootloader answers to blank check command:
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Flow Description: Blank Check Command Host
Send Blank Check Command
Bootloader Blank Check Command
Wait Blank Check Command
OR Wait Checksum Error COMMAND ABORTED
Checksum error
'X' & CR & LF
Send Checksum error
Flash blank
OR
Wait COMMAND_OK COMMAND FINISHED
'.' & CR & LF
Send COMMAND_OK
Wait Address not erased COMMAND FINISHED
address & CR & LF
Send first Address not erased
Example Blank Check ok
HOST BOOTLOADER : 05 0000 04 0000 7FFF 01 78 : 05 0000 04 0000 7FFF 01 78 . CR LF
Blank Check ok at address xxxx
HOST BOOTLOADER : 05 0000 04 0000 7FFF 01 78 : 05 0000 04 0000 7FFF 01 78 xxxx CR LF
Blank Check with checksum error
HOST BOOTLOADER : 05 0000 04 0000 7FFF 01 70 : 05 0000 04 0000 7FFF 01 70 X CR LF CR LF
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Flow Description: Read Command Host
Send Display Command
Bootloader Display Command
Wait Display Command
OR Wait Checksum Error COMMAND ABORTED
Checksum Error
'X' & CR & LF
Send Checksum Error
RD_WR_SECURITY
OR Wait Security Error COMMAND ABORTED
'L' & CR & LF
Send Security Error
Read Data
All Data Read
Complete Frame
Wait Display Data
'Address = ' 'Reading value' CR & LF
Send Display Data
All Data Read
All Data Read
COMMAND FINISHED
COMMAND FINISHED
Example Display data from address 0000h to 0020h
HOST BOOTLOADER BOOTLOADER BOOTLOADER BOOTLOADER : 05 0000 04 0000 0020 00 D7 : 05 0000 04 0000 0020 00 D7 0000=-----data------ CR LF 0010=-----data------ CR LF 0020=data CR LF (16 data) (16 data) ( 1 data)
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Program Configuration Information The flow described below allows the user to program Configuration Information regarding the bootloader functionality. The Boot Process Configuration: - - - - - Requests from Host
Command Name Erase SBV & BSB Program SSB level1 02h Program SSB level2 Program BSB 03h Program SBV Program EB Program bit BLJB 03h Program bit X2 0Ah 08h x 03h 06h 01h 06h 04h bit value value 05h 01h 00h Record Type Load Offset Record Length 02h Data[0] 04h Data[1] 00h 00h Data[2] -
BSB SBV Fuse bits (BLJB and X2 bits) (see Section "Mapping and Default Value of Hardware Security Byte") SSB EB
Note:
1. The field "Load Offset" is not used 2. To program the BLJB and X2 bit the "bit value" is 00h or 01h.
Answers from Bootloader
The bootloader answers with: * * * `.' & `CR' & 'LF' when the value is programmed. `X' & `CR' & `LF' if the checksum is wrong. `P' & `CR' & `LF' if the Security is set.
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Flow Description Host
Send Write Command
Bootloader Write Command
Wait Write Command
OR Wait Checksum Error COMMAND ABORTED
Checksum Error
'X' & CR & LF
Send Checksum Error
NO_SECURITY
OR Wait Security Error COMMAND ABORTED
'P' & CR & LF
Send Security error
Wait Programming
Wait COMMAND_OK COMMAND FINISHED
'.' & CR & LF
Send COMMAND_OK
Program Configuration Example Programming Atmel function (write SSB to level 2)
HOST BOOTLOADER : 02 0000 03 05 01 F5 : 02 0000 03 05 01 F5. CR LF
Writing Frame (write BSB to 55h)
HOST BOOTLOADER : 03 0000 03 06 00 55 9F : 03 0000 03 06 00 55 9F . CR LF
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Read Configuration Information or Manufacturer Information Requests from Host
Command Name Read Manufacturer Code Read Family Code 00h Read Product Name Read Product Revision Read SSB Read BSB 05h Read SBV Read EB Read HSB (Fuse bit) Read Device ID1 0Eh Read Device ID2 Read Bootloader version 0Fh 01h 00h 0Bh x 02h 07h 02h 06h 00h 00h 02h 03h 00h 01h Record Type Load Offset Record Length Data[0] Data[1] 00h 01h
The flow described below allows the user to read the configuration or manufacturer information.
Note:
The field "Load Offset" is not used
Answers from Bootloader
The bootloader answers with: * * * `value' & `.' & `CR' & 'LF' when the value is programmed `X' & `CR' & `LF' if the checksum is wrong `P' & `CR' & `LF' if the Security is set
Flow Description Host
Send Read Command
Bootloader Read Command
Wait Read Command
OR Wait Checksum Error COMMAND ABORTED
Checksum Error
'X' & CR & LF
Send Checksum Error
RD_WR_SECURITY
OR Wait Security Error COMMAND ABORTED
'L' & CR & LF
Send Security Error
Read Value
Wait Value of Data COMMAND FINISHED
'value' & '.' & CR & LF
Send Data Read
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Read Example Read function (read SBV)
HOST BOOTLOADER : 02 0000 05 07 02 F0 : 02 0000 05 07 02 F0 Value . CR LF
Atmel Read function (read Bootloader version)
HOST BOOTLOADER : 02 0000 01 02 00 FB : 02 0000 01 02 00 FB Value . CR LF
Flash Erase
The flow described below allows the user to erase the Flash memory. Two modes of Flash erasing are possible: * * Full-chip erase Block erase
The Full Chip erase command erases the whole Flash (32 Kbytes) and sets some Configuration Bytes at their default values: * * * BSB = FFh SBV = FCh SSB = FFh (NO_SECURITY)
Take care that the full chip erase execution takes few seconds (256 pages )
The full chip erase is always executed whatever the Software Security Byte value is.
Note:
The Block erase command erases only a part of the Flash. Three Blocks are defined in the A/T89C51AC2: * * * Requests from Host
Command Name Erase block0 (0K to 8K) Erase block1 (8K to 16K) 03h Erase block2 (16K to 32K) Full chip erase 01h 07h x 40h 02h 01h Record Type Load Offset Record Length Data[0] Data[1] 00h 20h
block0 (From 0000h to 1FFFh) block1 (From 2000h to 3FFFh) block2 (From 4000h to 7FFFh)
Answers from Bootloader
As the Program Configuration Information flows, the erase block command has three possible answers: * * * `.' & `CR' & 'LF' when the data are programmed `X' & `CR' & `LF' if the checksum is wrong `P' & `CR' & `LF' if the Security is set
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Flow Description Host
Send Erase Command
Bootloader Erase Command
Wait Erase Command
OR Wait Checksum Error COMMAND ABORTED
Checksum Error
'X' & CR & LF
Send Checksum Error
NO_SECURITY
OR Wait Security Error COMMAND ABORTED
'P' & CR & LF
Send Security Error
Wait Erasing
Wait COMMAND_OK COMMAND FINISHED
'.' & CR & LF
Send COMMAND_OK
Erase Example Full Chip Erase
HOST BOOTLOADER : 01 0000 03 07 F5 : 01 0000 03 07 F5 . CR LF
Erase Block1(8K to 16K)
HOST BOOTLOADER : 02 0000 03 01 20 DA : 02 0000 03 01 20 DA . CR LF
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Start the Application
The flow described below allows to start the application directly from the bootloader upon a specific command reception. Two options are possible: * Start the application with a reset pulse generation (using watchdog). When the device receives this command the watchdog is enabled and the bootloader enters a waiting loop until the watchdog resets the device. Take care that if an external reset chip is used the reset pulse in output may be wrong and in this case the reset sequence is not correctly executed. Start the application without reset A jump at the address 0000h is used to start the application without reset.
*
Requests from Host
Command Name Start application with a reset pulse generation 03h Start application with a jump at "address" x 04h Record Type Load Offset Record Length 02h 03h 01h Address Data[0] Data[1] 00h Data[2] Data[3] -
Answer from Bootloader Start Application Example
No answer is returned by the device.
Start Application with reset pulse
HOST BOOTLOADER : 02 0000 03 03 00 F8 : 02 0000 03 03 00 F8
Start Application without reset at address 0000h
HOST BOOTLOADER : 04 0000 03 03 01 00 00 F5 : 04 0000 03 03 01 00 00 F5
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In-Application Programming/Selfprogramming
The IAP allows to reprogram a microcontroller on-chip Flash memory without removing it from the system and while the embedded application is running. The user application can call some Application Programming Interface (API) routines allowing IAP. These API are executed by the bootloader. To call the corresponding API, the user must use a set of Flash_api routines which can be linked with the application. Example of Flash_api routines are available on the Atmel web site on the software application note: C Flash Drivers for the A/T89C51AC2 The Flash_api routines on the package work only with the UART bootloader. The Flash_api routines are listed in APPENDIX-B.
API Call
Process The application selects an API by setting R1, ACC, DPTR0 and DPTR1 registers. All calls are made through a common interface "USER_CALL" at the address FFF0h. The jump at the USER_CALL must be done by LCALL instruction to be able to comeback in the application. Before jump at the USER_CALL, the bit ENBOOT in AUXR1 register must be set. Constraints The interrupts are not disabled by the bootloader. Interrupts must be disabled by the user prior to jump to the USER_CALL, then reenabled when returning. Interrupts must also be disabled before accessing EEPROM data then re-enabled after. The user must take care of hardware watchdog before launching a Flash operation. For more information regarding the Flash writing time see the A/T89C51AC2 datasheet.
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API Commands
Several types of APIs are available: * * * * * Read/Program Flash and EEPROM Data memory Read Configuration and Manufacturer Information Program Configuration Information Erase Flash Start bootloader
Read/Program Flash and EEPROM Data Memory
All routines to access EEPROM Data are managed directly from the application without using bootloader resources. To read the Flash memory the bootloader is not involved. For more details on these routines see the A/T89C51AC2 datasheet sections "Program/Code Memory" and "EEPROM Data Memory" Two routines are available to program the Flash: - - * __api_wr_code_byte __api_wr_code_page
The application program load the column latches of the Flash then call the __api_wr_code_byte or __api_wr_code_page see datasheet in section "Program/Code Memory". Parameter Settings
API_name __api_wr_code_byte R1 02h DPTR0 Address in Flash memory to write Address of the first Byte to program in the Flash memory DPTR1 Address in XRAM of the first data to program Acc Value to write
*
__api_wr_code_page
09h
Number of Byte to program
*
instruction: LCALL FFF0h.
No special resources are used by the bootloader during this operation
Note:
Read Configuration and Manufacturer Information
*
Parameter Settings
API_name __api_rd_HSB __api_rd_BSB __api_rd_SBV __api_rd_SSB __api_rd_EB __api_rd_manufacturer __api_rd_device_id1 __api_rd_device_id2 R1 0Bh 07h 07h 07h 07h 00h 00h 00h DPTR0 0000h 0001h 0002h 0000h 0006h 0000h 0001h 0002h DPTR1 x x x x x x x x Acc return HSB return BSB return SBV return SSB return EB return manufacturer id return id1 return id2
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API_name __api_rd_device_id3 __api_rd_bootloader_vers ion R1 00h 0Fh DPTR0 0003h 0000h DPTR1 x x Acc return id3 return value
* *
Instruction: LCALL FFF0h. At the complete API execution by the bootloader, the value to read is in the api_value variable.
No special resources are used by the bootloader during this operation
Note:
Program Configuration Information
*
Parameter Settings
API Name __api_set_X2 __api_clr_X2 __api_set_BLJB __api_clr_BLJB __api_wr_BSB __api_wr_SBV __api_wr_EB __api_wr_SSB_LEVEL0 __api_wr_SSB_LEVEL1 __api_wr_SSB_LEVEL2 R1 0Ah 0Ah 0Ah 0Ah 06h 06h 06h 05h 05h 05h DPTR0 0008h 0008h 0004h 0004h 0000h 0001h 0006h FFh FEh FCh DPTR1 x x x x x x x x x x Acc 00h 01h 00h 01h value to write value to write value to write x x x
*
Instruction: LCALL FFF0h.
1. See in the A/T89C51AC2 datasheet the time that a write operation takes. 2. No special resources are used by the bootloader during these operations
Note:
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Erase Flash
The A/T89C51AC2 flash memory is divided in several blocks: Block 0: from address 0000h to 1FFFh Block 1: from address 2000h to 3FFFh Block 2: from address 4000h to 7FFFh These three blocks contain 128 pages. * Parameter Settings
API Name __api_erase_block0 __api_erase_block1 __api_erase_block2 01h R1 DPTR0 0000h 2000h 4000h DPTR1 x x x Acc x x x
*
Instruction: LCALL FFF0h.
1. See the A/T89C51AC2 datasheet for the time that a write operation takes and this time must be multiplied by the number of pages. 2. No special resources are used by the bootloader during these operations
Note:
Start Bootloader
This routine allows to start at the beginning of the bootloader as after a reset. After calling this routine the regular boot process is performed and the communication must be opened before any action. * * * No special parameter setting Set bit ENBOOT in AUXR1 register instruction: LJUMP or LCALL at address F800h
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Appendix-A
Table 3. Summary of Frames From Host
Command Program Nb Data Byte in Flash. Erase block0 (0000h-1FFFh) Erase block1 (2000h-3FFFh) Erase block2 (4000h-7FFFh) Start application with a reset pulse generation Start application with a jump at "address" Erase SBV & BSB Program SSB level 1 Program SSB level 2 Program BSB Program SBV Program EB Full Chip Erase Program bit BLJB 03h Program bit X2 Read Flash Blank Check Read EEPROM Data Read Manufacturer Code Read Family Code 00h Read Product Name Read Product Revision Read SSB Read BSB 05h Read SBV Read EB Read Hardware Byte Read Device Boot ID1 0Eh Read Device Boot ID2 Read Bootloader Version Program Nb Data byte in EEPROM 00h nb of data (up to 80h) start address 0Fh x 01h 00h x x x x 0Bh 02h x 07h 02h 06h 00h 00h 02h 03h 00h 01h 00h 01h 04h 05h x Start Address End Address x 01h 03h 03h 02h 02h 04h x 03h x x x 05h x x x x x x 0Ah 08h bit value 00h 01h 02h 07h 06h 01h 00h 01h 06h 04h value value value bit value 04h 01h 00h 00h address 02h x 01h Record Type 00h Record Length nb of data (up to 80h) Offset start address Data[0] x Data[1] x 00h 20h 40h 00h Data[2] x Data[3] x Data[4] x -
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Appendix-B
Table 4. API Summary
Function Name __api_rd_code_byte __api_wr_code_byte Bootloader Execution no yes 02h Address in Flash memory to write Address of the first Byte to program in the Flash memory 0000h 2000h 4000h 0000h 0008h 0008h 0004h 0004h 0001h 0000h 0002h 0001h 0001h 0000h 00FFh 00FEh 00FCh 0006h 0006h 0000h 0001h 0002h 0003h 0000h Address in XRAM of the first data to program x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x Value to write R1 DPTR0 DPTR1 Acc
__api_wr_code_page
yes
09h
Number of Byte to program x x x return value 00h 01h 00h 01h return value value return value value FCh return value x x x return value value return value return value return value return value return value
__api_erase_block0 __api_erase_block1 __api_erase_block2 __api_rd_HSB __api_set_X2 __api_clr_X2 __api_set_BLJB __api_clr_BLJB __api_rd_BSB __api_wr_BSB __api_rd_SBV __api_wr_SBV __api_erase_SBV __api_rd_SSB __api_wr_SSB_level0 __api_wr_SSB_level1 __api_wr_SSB_level2 __api_rd_EB __api_wr_EB __api_rd_manufacturer __api_rd_device_id1 __api_rd_device_id2 __api_rd_device_id3 __api_rd_bootloader_version __api_eeprom_busy __api_rd_eeprom_byte __api_wr_eeprom_byte __api_start_bootloader
yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes no no no no
01h 01h 01h 0Bh 0Ah 0Ah 0Ah 0Ah 07h 06h 07h 06h 06h 07h 05h 05h 05h 07h 06h 00h 00h 00h 00h 0Fh
26
A/T89C51AC2 UART Bootloader
4231C-CAN-03/05
A/T89C51AC2 UART Bootloader
Datasheet Change Log
Changes from 4231A 04/03 to 4231B 12/03 Changes from 4231B 12/03 to 4213C 03/05
1. Bit stop for the UART protocol added.
1. Added AT89C51AC2 part number.
27
4231C-CAN-03/05
Table of Contents
Functional Description ......................................................................... 2
In-System Programming Capability ...................................................................... 2 In-Application Programming or Self-programming Capability ............................... 2 Block Diagram ...................................................................................................... 2 Bootloader Configuration ...................................................................................... 3 Security ................................................................................................................ 4 Software Boot Vector ........................................................................................... 5 FLIP Software Program ........................................................................................ 5
In-System Programming ...................................................................... 6
Boot Process ........................................................................................................ 6
In-Application Programming/Self-programming .............................. 21
API Call .............................................................................................................. 21
Appendix-A .......................................................................................... 25 Appendix-B .......................................................................................... 26 Datasheet Change Log ....................................................................... 27
Changes from 4231A - 04/03 to 4231B 12/03 .................................................... 27
i
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